Table 1 The functions of cuproptosis-related genes and their clinical value in breast cance
From: Cuproptosis: a promising new target for breast cancer therapy
Gene | Full name | Subcellular locations | Functios | Role in cuproptosis | Clinical values | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FDX1 | Ferredoxin 1 | Mitochondrion matrix | The biosynthesis of Fe-S clusters involves the reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+, which is crucial for the synthesis of various steroid hormones. Additionally, it serves as an electron transport intermediate for mitochondrial cytochromes P450. | FDX1 plays a core role as an upstream regulator of protein acylation in the LA pathway | FDX1 has prognostic value for survival in certain cancer patients such as ACC, KIRC, HNSC, THCA, and LGG. | [41] |
LIAS | Lipoic acid synthetase | Mitochondrion | Participating in the synthesis of mitochondrial-related metabolic enzymes, energy metabolism, and antioxidant reactions | Downstream gene regulated by FDX1 | High expression of LIAS resulted in poorer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (FP), and was associated with more advanced stages of lung cancer. | [42] |
LIPT1 | Lipoyltransferase 1 | Mitochondrion | Regulating glutamine metabolism by catalyzing acyl transfer | Regulated by FDX1 and participating in lipid acylation of DLAT | Elevated expression of LIPT1 was associated with a more favorable prognosis. | [43] |
DLAT | Drolipoamide S-acetyltransferase | Mitochondrion matrix | Components of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex | Key enzyme involved in the TCA cycle | An abundance of Cu+ binds to lipoylated DLAT, initiating its oligomerization. Ultimately, this chain of reactions leads to cuproptosis. | [35] |
PDHA1 | Pyruvate dehydrogenase El subnit alpha 1 | Mitochondrion matrix | Components of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex | Key enzyme involved in the TCA cycle | NA | Â |
CDKN2A | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2Â A | Nucleus | Inducing cell cycle arrest in GI and G2 phases | Knocking out lead to sensitive of cuproptosis | Higher expression of CDKN2A conferred risk for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) but exhibited a protective function in BRCA. | [44] |
SLC31A1 | Solute Carrier Family 31 Member 1 | Cell membrane | High-afnity, saturable copper transporter involved in dietary copper uptake | overactivaiton lead to intracellular copper accumulation | Alleles of SLC31A1 were associated with a poorer prognosis in both LUAD and BRCA. | [35] |
ATP7A | ATPase Copper Transporting Alpha | Cell membrane, trans-Golgi network membrane, plasma membrane | ATP-driven copper ion pump | knock out lead to intracellular copper accumulation | NA | Â |
ATP7B | ATPase Copper Transporting Beta | Cell membrane, trans-Golgi network membrane, plasma membrane | ATP-driven copper ion pump | knock out lead to intracellular copper accumulation | Alleles of ATP7B were linked to a reduced risk of LUAD. | [35] |