Fig. 5

Comparative analysis of intracellular cAMP levels in response to forskolin, CXCL12, and varying concentrations of A1 and AMD3100 in CT-26 cells. The graph illustrates cellular levels of cAMP in response to treatment with forskolin, CXCL12, and increasing doses (10 nmol/ml, 100 nmol/ml, and 1000 nmol/ml) of A1 and AMD3100. The experiments were conducted in triplicate, and the data are represented utilizing box-and-whisker plots, which display the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum values. The treatment with forskolin is a positive control to validate the cAMP assay, while CXCL12 functions as the physiological stimulus. Significant reductions or elevations in cAMP levels resulting from drug treatments are indicated. Statistical analysis was executed using ANOVA, with significance levels: *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001, indicating varying degrees of significance between the control and treated groups. Error bars represent the variability observed across experimental replicates