Fig. 5

Cancer stem cells have been identified, with MORF4L1 potentially being a key factor in promoting HCC stemness. A Identification of cell clusters using single-cell data from GSE149614. B Molecular markers corresponding to cell clustering. C Copy number variations (CNVs) in cancer stem cells (CSCs), malignant cells, hepatocytes, and reference cell groups (endothelial cells and B cells). D CNV scores among hepatocytes, malignant cells, and CSCs. E, F, and G Pseudotime analysis results for hepatocytes, malignant cells, and CSCs. H The most significantly changed genes (Cytogenes) during the progression from hepatocytes to CSCs. I Intersection of Cytogenes and ACRRGs yields key stemness-regulating genes. J Correlation analysis of key genes with the progression of stemness in HCC