Fig. 2

DPD inhibits GBM cell proliferation by regulating GBM cell autophagy A) Level of LC3-II and p62 expression in U87MG and LN229MG cells after 24 h incubation with DPD at concentrations ranging from 0 to 30 µM. B) Level of LC3-II and p62 expression after 0, 6, 12, and 24 h incubation of DPD with U87MG and LN229MG cells. C) U87MG and LN229MG cells expressing GFP-LC3 fluorescence were treated with 0 or 30 µM DPD for 48 h. The cells were visualized by confocal microscopy (scale bar = 10 μm). D) GFP-LC3 spots were manually counted in 10 GBM cells in the experiment, and the average number was calculated to plot a histogram. E) After treatment with 3-MA or BafA1, GBM cells were then treated with the indicated concentrations of DPD for 48 h. CCK8 was used to determine cell viability. F) Crystal violet staining images of GBM cells treated with 3-MA or BafA1 combined with 30 µM DPD for 48 h. Experimental data are expressed as mean ± SD (*P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001, compared with the control group)