Fig. 5

Correlation of PAPPA expression with immune infiltration level in GC. A Correlation between the abundances of immune cells and PAPPA expression level. B Enrichment scores of macrophages and Tem in PAPPA-high group is higher than PAPPA-low group (p < 0.001). C KM survival curve analysis demonstrated that patients with STAD who had low PAPPA expression and low macrophage infiltration exhibited a higher overall survival rate than those with high expression levels of both PAPPA and macrophages. D Correlation between the relative abundances of B cells, follicular helper CD4 T cells (TFH), CD8 T cells, Mast cell, Neutrophils and PAPPA expression level. The results of tumor immune cell infiltration analysis indicated a positive correlation between PAPPA expression and the presence of B cells, follicular helper CD4 + T cells (TFH), CD8 + T cells, Mast cells, and Neutrophils