Table 1 The CRGs and their developed scoring methods in HCC

Zhen Zhang and his colleagues

FDX1 and related genes(ALDH5A1, CAT, EHHADH, and SLC27A)

CRRS: The high CRRS group showed lower survival and increased tumor immune infiltration

[10]

Lei Ding and his colleagues

CDKN2A, DLAT, DLD, FDX1, GLS, LIAS, LIPT1, MTF1, PDHA1, and PDHB

1. Three subtypes of cuproptosis were validated;

2. CRGPI: could be used as a potential biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy in HCC patients

[112]

Zhiqiang Liu and his colleagues

ATP7A, ATP7B, DBT, DLAT, DLD, DLST, FDX1, GCSH, LIAS, LIPT1, PDHA1, PDHB, and SLC31A1

1. Three subgroups of patients based on CRGs were revealed;

2. A cuproptosis-related prognostic risk model was built to predict prognosis

[113]

Jie Fu and his colleagues

ATP7A, ATP7B, CDKN2A, DLAT, DLD, FDX1, GCSH, GLS, LIAS, LIPT1, LIPT2, MPC1, MTF1, PDHA1, PDHB, SLC31A1

1. Three distinct CRGs expression patterns were identified;

2. CRRS was established to predict the prognosis, the immune microenvironment, and expression of immune checkpoint molecules

[111]

Tianhao Cong and his colleagues

Cuproptosis-related ICGs (BTN2A1, BTNL9, CD276, CD40LG, LGALS9, SIRPA, TNFRSF4)

Cuproptosis-related ICGs were developed to predict the prognosis and immune response of HCC patients

[114]

Xi Chen and his colleagues

ATP7A, ATP7B, BAD, PDHA1, CCS, CDKN2A, DLAT, DLD, FDX1, GLS, LIAS, LIPT1, MTF1, MTOR, NRF2, PDHB, and SLC31A1

1. Three cuproptosis subtypes were identified;

2. Cuproptosis signature has been built containing five cuproptosis-associated genes: CLEC3B, CFH, HPR, LAMB1, and PFKFB3

[101]