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Fig. 2 | Cancer Cell International

Fig. 2

From: Lysosomes: guardians and healers within cells- multifaceted perspective and outlook from injury repair to disease treatment

Fig. 2

The panel illustrates that lysosomal damage triggers the activation of core SG proteins such as NUFIP2 and G3BP1 through the release of Ca²⁺. These proteins interact with ATG8s and are recruited to the damaged lysosome. ATG8 modification activates the Ragulator-RagA/B complex, inhibiting mTOR activity, which leads to phosphorylation of EIF2A and promotes SG formation. ALIX senses calcium leakage and regulates the interaction between PKR and PACT, also promoting SG formation, while galectin-3 plays a negative regulatory role. Overall, lysosomal damage promotes SG formation through mTOR regulation. NUFIP2: Nucleolar and Coiled-Body Phosphoprotein 2; G3BP1: Ras GTPase-Activating Protein SH3 Domain-Binding Protein 1; ATG8s: Autophagy-related Protein 8s; EIF2A: Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 A; ALIX: ALG-2 Interacting Protein X PACT: Protein Activator of the Interferon-induced Protein Kinase

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Cancer Cell International

ISSN: 1475-2867

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