Fig. 2

Characterization of circulating piRNA in WT serum samples. (a) Nucleotide bias at the 1st and 10th positions of piRNA sequences. (b) Length distribution of piRNA reads in WT and healthy controls. (c) Chromosomal distribution of piRNA expression across all human chromosomes. (d) Categorization of identified piRNA into repeat-related and non-repeat-related piRNA, including their origins from various transposon elements and translation machinery molecules. Statistical significance was assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test, with significant p-values (p < 0.05) indicated in the figure