Fig. 1
From: A new era in melanoma immunotherapy: focus on DCs metabolic reprogramming
Different metabolic pathways in melanoma-associated DCs. DCs exhibit the ability to assume diverse tumorigenic and immunogenic phenotypes as a reaction to the tumor microenvironment and external stimuli. In each case, the cells engage specific metabolic pathways to maximize their functional efficacy. Abbreviations: DC: Dendritic cell, iDC: Immunogenic DC, tDC: Tolerogenic DC, IL: Interleukin, TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha, CD: cluster of differentiation, CCR7: Chemokine receptor type 7, MHC: Major histocompatibility complex, PAMPs: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs: Damage-associated molecular patterns, mTORC: Mammalian target of rapamycin complex, ATP: Adenosine triphosphate, PPP: The pentose phosphate pathway, ROS: Reactive oxygen species, NO: Nitric oxide, TCA: The citric acid cycle, OXPHOS; Oxidative phosphorylation, TLR: Toll-like receptors, Treg: Regulatory T cells, Breg: Regulatory B cells, Th2: T helper 2 cells, PD-L1/2: program cell death 1/2, TGF-β: Transforming growth factor beta, IDO: Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase, FAO: Fatty acid oxidation