Fig. 6

EV models were developed and validated via a machine learning-based integrative procedure. (A) A total of 101 prediction models were developed. (B) In the LUSC cohort, the optimal λ was determined when the partial likelihood deviance reached the minimum value, and the LASSO coefficients of the most useful prognostic proteins were calculated. (C) Importances of the 9 proteins obtained via random survival forest analysis. (D) Determining the optimal cutoff value for the high- and low-risk groups. (E) K‒M curves of OS according to the 6-gene signature for the LUSC training group (70%). (F) K‒M curves of OS according to the 6-gene signature for the LUSC validation group (30%). (G) ROC curve and AUC for the 6-gene signature classification in the training group (70%). (H) ROC curve and AUC for the 6-gene signature classification in the validation group (30%)